How is a Total Joint Replacement Performed?

Joint replacement surgery is performed on an arthritic knee by replacing the damaged ends of the bones and cartilage with metal and plastic surfaces. The materials are uniquely shaped to restore knee movement and function. In an arthritic hip, a metal ball attached to a metal stem fitted into the femur, replaces the damaged ball (the upper end of the femur). The damaged socket is replaced with a plastic socket which is implanted into the pelvis.

The materials used in a total joint replacement are designed to allow the joint to move similarly to a normal joint. The prosthesis is composed of two parts: a metal piece that fits closely into a matching sturdy plastic piece. Several metals are used, including alloys of cobalt, chromium, and titanium. The plastic material is durable and wear resistant (polyethylene). Plastic bone cement (similar to plexiglass) may be used to position the prosthesis into the bone. Joint replacements also can be implanted without the use of cement. This can occur when the prosthesis and the bone are designed to fit and lock together directly.

 

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